Discovering a baby mammal alone can be concerning, but not all young animals require human intervention. Understanding their natural behaviors and development stages is crucial in determining the appropriate course of action. Only adults should rescue wildlife. Before rescuing wildlife, seek guidance from a licensed wildlife rehabilitator.
Step 1: Assess the Situation
- Observe from a Distance: Before approaching, watch the animal quietly. Many mammal species leave their young alone for extended periods as part of their natural rearing process.
- Check for Injuries: Signs that the animal needs help include visible wounds, bleeding, broken limbs, or signs of illness such as lethargy or vomiting. If the animal shows any of these signs, contact your local wildlife rehabilitation center immediately.
Step 2: Identify the Species and Age
- Opossums: Young opossums become independent at about four months old. If the opossum is at least 8 inches long (excluding the tail), it's likely self-sufficient. Smaller opossums found alone may need assistance, especially if the mother is deceased.
- Rabbits: Mother rabbits visit their nests only a few times daily, usually at dawn and dusk. If you find a nest of bunnies, it's best to leave it undisturbed. To check if the mother is returning, place a string in a tic-tac-toe pattern over the nest and observe if it's moved after 24 hours. If the string remains undisturbed, contact a wildlife professional.
- Skunks: Juvenile skunks often explore during the day without their mother. If the skunk is approximately 6 inches long and appears healthy, it's likely just exploring. However, if the skunk seems disoriented, is alone for an extended period, or shows signs of injury, seek professional help. Avoid handling skunks due to the risk of rabies and other diseases.
Step 3: When to Intervene
- Injured or Orphaned Animals: If the animal is visibly injured, weak, or has been caught by a predator, it's essential to contact a local wildlife rehabilitation center immediately.
- Healthy but Alone: You can observe the animal discreetly at a distance to see if it is orphaned. If you're unsure about the animal's well-being, it's best to consult with a professional before intervening further.
Step 4: How to Help Safely
Not all animals can or should be handled by the public. Do not attempt to pick up or move large mammals, birds of prey, or rabies-vector species (such as raccoons, skunks, bats, coyotes, bobcats, and foxes). These animals require professional handling and may pose a risk to human safety. Instead, contact a local wildlife rehabilitation center immediately.
If the injured animal is small and not dangerous, you may be able to help contain it for transport to a professional. Contact your local wildlife rehabilitation center for guidance on the next steps.
Common Misconceptions
- Myth: "Seeing a young animal alone means it's orphaned."
- Fact: Many species, like rabbits and mule deer, leave their young unattended for periods. Observing from a distance can help determine if intervention is necessary.
Extra Tips
- Keep Pets Indoors: Domestic animals can pose a threat to wildlife. Keeping them inside helps protect vulnerable young animals.
- Leave Natural Areas Undisturbed: Before trimming bushes or mowing the lawn, check for nests or dens to avoid disturbing wildlife.
- Observe Quietly: If you're unsure whether a baby mammal is truly orphaned, watch from a hidden spot for at least an hour to see if the parents return.
If you ever find an injured wild animal and are unsure what to do, the best course of action is always to contact a wildlife rehabilitation center. They have the knowledge and resources to provide the care the animal needs. By understanding and respecting the natural behaviors of wildlife, you can make informed decisions that support the well-being of these animals and ensure their successful return to the wild.
